general category  of material testing in laboratory

which each of these categories have several branches for summarizing the topics and reaching the desired goals you can see the detailed chart of the Material testing Chart.

First of all we have a glance to first step in material testing which is Sampling .

• sampling:  when any  construction begins, it must be  based on a prior data ,which any further activities ,like design ,building a structure and etc. ,is directly depended  to these initial data. and the same, for Road construction it must be based on survey data ,material data and finally Design data).

         In general  one of the initial activities for starting a road construction is testing the base material of the way or place which we want to extend the road or highway  upon that, or the material of the existing road which we want to repair it. each  test has a specific  method of sampling  of the material from the site, but some considerations is common between all of them , such as :

1. Every sample must have a Sample card which use to insert the necessary data
2. All the material which we get from the site must be uniform ,and must not try to get just critical conditions or very reach observed  material.( in critical conditions which the site engineer or supervisor have any suspicion, we can get an extra sample  with  manager (and or any one who is in charge) confirmation notice .
3. curing the sampling is very important, avoid of lose the moisture or physical properties of material by moving from the site to laboratory.
4. labeling every sample is obligatory.( like date ,time ,type of material , location of sampling e.g. KM or Section, and initial determination of the visual properties like color and manner of the sample).
5. the material shall be inspected to determine discernible variation, the seller shall provide suitable equipment needed for proper inspection and sampling.

 in the next page  you can see the general methods of sampling  of material   for testing physical Properties.

The Picture Below is for decoration only.

Figure 1: Mountain Alignment of Road in Eastern  Reigns of Afghanistan (07/2006).